The Forgotten Hero : Short Biography of Tan Malaka
Welcome back to my blog! Now i'm back with an Indonesian hero. He is the one and only, Tan Malaka.
Tan Malaka was a teacher, Indonesian philosopher, founder of Struggle Union (Persatuan Perjuangan) and Murba Party, independent guerilla, Indonesian fighter, and Indonesian national hero. Tempo credited him as Father of Indonesian Republic.
Tan Malaka was born in Nagari Pandam Gandang, West Sumatra at 2 June 1897. His full name was Ibrahim Gelar Datuk Sutan Malaka. As a child Malaka known as a child who has religious knownledge and trained pencak silat. In 1908 Malaka attended Kweekschool, a state teacher's school, at Fort de Kock. Malaka was an excellent student, although he was disobedient. He also was a skilled football player. He graduated from school at 1913. He was offered a datuk title and a fiance, but he only accepted the title.
He went abroad to Netherland for studying for almost 6 years (1913-1919). He was very educated. He began to espouse Communist doctrine after he went back from Europe. The Communist had been working with a leading national group, Sarekat Islam. But in 1921 they split off and moved in the direction of revolutionary action, still trying to take with them local branvhes of Sarekat Islam. The following year Tan Malaka attemped to convert a strike of governemnt pawnshop employees into a general strike, but the effort failed, and Dutch officials ordered him to leave Dutch East Indies.
Tan Malaka represented Indonesia at the Forth Congress of the Comintern (Communist International) in 1922, when he was appointed Comitern agent for Southeast Asia and Australia. He opposed as premature a Communist-backed rebellion in 1926 and was blamed by its proponents for the uprising's failure. The next year, however, he organized a group in Bangkok called the Indonesian Republic Party; its aim was to develop underground cadres to work in Indonesia. The party gained strength, but with little visible success in weakening colonial rule.
Tan Malaka returned to Java in 1944, during the Japanese occupation in World War II, and afterward competed for power against president of Indonesia, Sukarno. Sukarno, however, outmanouvered Tan Malaka by bringing Sutan Sjahrir to power as prime minister. Tan Malaka responded by creating a coalition, called Persatuan Perdjuangan (United Struggle) to oppose any negotiated settlement with the Dutch, which Sjahrir favoured. Tan Malaka believed that negotiation with the Dutch would only give damage and loss to Indonesia. When Sjahrir resigned in February 2946, Tan Malaka was asked to form a Cabinet. The members of the coalition failed to reach accord, however, and Sjahrir was recalled. Tan Malaka then either attempted a coup or was caught up in the plans of others and was arrested on July 6, 1946., and held for two years without trial. When he was released he supported a new political party, Partai Murba. At the time the Dutch and Indonesia were at war for control of the country, Sukarno and Moh. Hatta were prisoners of the Dutch, and much of the Communist leader had been killed. In December 1948, Tan Malaka made a bid for control of the Indonesian revolution. From the city of Kediri, Java, which remained in Indonesian hands, Tan Malaka proclaimed himself head of Indonesia. When Dutch attacked Kediri, he escaped but within a few months was captured and executed by supporters of Sukarno.
Tan Malaka wrote several political works, the best known is Dari Pendjara ke Pendjara. Sukarno announced Tan Malaka as a national hero, because Tan Malaka has influenced many national hero, like Sukarni, to fasten Indonesia Proclamation. But after Sukarno gave up his president title, Tan Malaka's name went eclipse.
He went abroad to Netherland for studying for almost 6 years (1913-1919). He was very educated. He began to espouse Communist doctrine after he went back from Europe. The Communist had been working with a leading national group, Sarekat Islam. But in 1921 they split off and moved in the direction of revolutionary action, still trying to take with them local branvhes of Sarekat Islam. The following year Tan Malaka attemped to convert a strike of governemnt pawnshop employees into a general strike, but the effort failed, and Dutch officials ordered him to leave Dutch East Indies.
Tan Malaka represented Indonesia at the Forth Congress of the Comintern (Communist International) in 1922, when he was appointed Comitern agent for Southeast Asia and Australia. He opposed as premature a Communist-backed rebellion in 1926 and was blamed by its proponents for the uprising's failure. The next year, however, he organized a group in Bangkok called the Indonesian Republic Party; its aim was to develop underground cadres to work in Indonesia. The party gained strength, but with little visible success in weakening colonial rule.
Tan Malaka returned to Java in 1944, during the Japanese occupation in World War II, and afterward competed for power against president of Indonesia, Sukarno. Sukarno, however, outmanouvered Tan Malaka by bringing Sutan Sjahrir to power as prime minister. Tan Malaka responded by creating a coalition, called Persatuan Perdjuangan (United Struggle) to oppose any negotiated settlement with the Dutch, which Sjahrir favoured. Tan Malaka believed that negotiation with the Dutch would only give damage and loss to Indonesia. When Sjahrir resigned in February 2946, Tan Malaka was asked to form a Cabinet. The members of the coalition failed to reach accord, however, and Sjahrir was recalled. Tan Malaka then either attempted a coup or was caught up in the plans of others and was arrested on July 6, 1946., and held for two years without trial. When he was released he supported a new political party, Partai Murba. At the time the Dutch and Indonesia were at war for control of the country, Sukarno and Moh. Hatta were prisoners of the Dutch, and much of the Communist leader had been killed. In December 1948, Tan Malaka made a bid for control of the Indonesian revolution. From the city of Kediri, Java, which remained in Indonesian hands, Tan Malaka proclaimed himself head of Indonesia. When Dutch attacked Kediri, he escaped but within a few months was captured and executed by supporters of Sukarno.
Tan Malaka wrote several political works, the best known is Dari Pendjara ke Pendjara. Sukarno announced Tan Malaka as a national hero, because Tan Malaka has influenced many national hero, like Sukarni, to fasten Indonesia Proclamation. But after Sukarno gave up his president title, Tan Malaka's name went eclipse.
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